The Importance of Organizational Behavior Essay - 781 Words

The Importance of Organizational Behavior In any organization one can assume that the main goal of that business is to succeed; what exactly does being a winning organization mean and what does it take to get there? In the past companies placed a great amount of emphasis on the numbers and how to achieve those numbers. The people who actually helped achieve those numbers were graded on their technical skills, productivity, and budgets. Employees were moneymaking machines and how they achieved those numbers was not a concern of their managers as long as the numbers were being met. Organizational behavior studies have become more important today than in previous years because corporations must learn to adapt to the rapidly changing†¦show more content†¦Organizational Behavior or as I call it - Discipline principles is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizatio n’s effectiveness (Robbins, S. 2001). Organizational Behavior studies three main areas in order to help organizations work more effectively; they are individuals, groups, and structure. Everyone and everything in an organization makes an impact on the way an organization functions, therefore knowing what makes your employee â€Å"tick† is a key factor in success. In an organization an employee is expected to have skills pertaining to the specific job description. Hiring a ballet dancer to play hockey is not only absurd but also non productive. Technical skills, depending on the position in your organization is sometimes required and absolutely necessary. But, in most organizations if you can find someone that has excellent interpersonal skills and common sense, you can train them on the technical aspect of the position. As a manager in today’s business arena, your interpersonal skills must be fine-tuned. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is now falling into play with employees and managers decisions. â€Å"Proper management of the work lives of human beings, of the way in which they earn their living, can improve them and improve the world and in this sense be a utopian or revolutionaryShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Importance1772 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Behavior Importance Organizational behavior is the study of how organizations can be structures more effectively, and how several events in their outside situations effect organizations. Learning about  organizational behavior  in today’s business environment could help managers build up a better work related understanding of themselves and their subsidiary. With this knowledge managers can achieve a successful career. Since a manager needs to get his job done by the others, to haveRead MoreImportance of Organizational Behavior Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Organizational Behavior In any organization one can assume that the main goal of that business is to succeed; what exactly does being a winning organization mean and what does it take to get there? In the past companies placed a great amount of emphasis on the numbers and how to achieve those numbers. The people who actually helped achieve those numbers were graded on their technical skills, productivity, and budgets. Employees were moneymaking machines and how they achievedRead MoreImportance of Values and Organizational Behavior692 Words   |  3 Pagesvalues are important. Obtaining a clear definition as to what values are varies from person to person. According to the paper values are the things that matter most to an individual (Posner, amp; Munson, 1979). Values are crucial to understanding behavior. Values allows a person to assess what is just and fair what they are willing to sacrifice in order to obtain something. Values are what eventually allow groups to bond together and find commonality. Second, is where and why personal values areRead MoreImportance of Understanding Organizational Behavior2312 Words   |  9 PagesWORKPLACE REWARDS ASSESSMENT This topic is significant since individuals with assorted backgrounds and cultural standards have to work together efficiently and proficiently. OB looks out to highlight the understanding of behavior in organizations so as to expand competencies in predicating how individuals are expected to perform (Edwards, et al, 2009). This knowledge might then assist in affecting those activities that are not appropriate for the aim and goals of the organizations. Factors likeRead MoreThe Importance of and My Understanding of Organizational Behavior2706 Words   |  11 PagesOrganizational Behavior 1 The Importance of and My Understanding of Organizational Behavior That Helped me Have a Successful Career DM686 Organizational Behavior DR. Lyle J. Hogue October 26, 2007 Organizational Behavior 2 Introduction The importance of Organizational Behavior and personal success as a manager or leader entail a great amount of effort, knowledge, skills, training and commitment by the individual leader or manager. I am in the beginning of starting a career outside ofRead More Organizational Behavior and Its Importance to a Company Essay example741 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Its Importance to a Company What is organizational behavior and why is it important for a company to understand it? There are several crucial reasons why companies should utilize the concepts of organizational behavior, as well as understand the key terms that are associated with organizational behavior. To understand and utilize organizational behavior there are several key terms that must also be understood, for example organizational culture, diversity, communicationRead MoreOrganizational Behavior: Managing Conflict within the Workplace This essay explains the need and importance of managing conflict inside of organizations.1440 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: MANAGING CONFLICT MANAGING CONFLICT Organizational Behavior: Managing Conflict within the Workplace ï ¿ ½ Abstract Our team has decided to write our research paper on conflict management. We felt that this topic would be a good choice because we feel that many of todays companies have problems dealing with conflict. If managers are trained and aware of conflict management, conflict can bring out creativity and different points of view. The positive outcomes from conflict managementRead MoreDoc, Docx, Pdf1631 Words   |  7 PagesContents Organizational justice: 1 1: Distributive justice: 1 2: procedural justice: 2 3 interactional justice: 2 Importance of organizational justice: 2 CONDITIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE IN PAKISTAN 3 Organizational citizenship behavior: 3 Definition and concept: 3 Kinds of organizational citizenship Behavior: 3 Altruism: 3 Conscientiousness: 4 Civic virtue: 4 Importance of organization citizenship behavior: 4 Organizational justice: Organizational justice showsRead MoreUnderstanding Human Behavior1257 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Understanding Human Behavior: As a critical aspect for many organizations, the study of human behavior and the interactions between people and the organization is usually described as organizational behavior since its mainly geared towards understanding and forecasting human behavior. For organizational leaders, understanding human behavior is a critical skill that has direct impacts on the success of the organization. Therefore, the ability of an organizational leader to be successful is closelyRead MoreProcedural Justice And Job Satisfaction Of Nursing Employees1523 Words   |  7 Pages outcome. According to the write-up, â€Å"procedural justice and job satisfaction of nursing employees are positively and significantly related to their innovative behavior† (Xerri, 2014, p.4), and â€Å"interactional justice directly affects job satisfaction and indirectly affects innovative behavior through job satisfaction† (Xerri, 2014, p.4). In other words, an organization that engages in practical apprehensions reaps perfected job satisfaction, which in turn has a bearing on workplace attitudes. To

What Motor Is More Reliable Free Essays

The survey found that the Japanese brands Yamaha,Honda are more reliable brands. But to me Honda is more reliable to me because its cheaper to fix if it breaks and Yamaha has more hp and tuqort and is faster. Honda is just a all around good atv, dirt bikes because you have your 400ex and you crf250f. We will write a custom essay sample on What Motor Is More Reliable? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yamaha is good for speed and racing atvs, and dirt bikes like your 400 bashanee and your yz450f.Honda is made in the US so everything is cheaper for parts and take less time to get to your destination. The next year, Honda marketed the handling-friendly ATC200X to beginners. honda’s first introduced the KLT200 – a three-wheeled atv – into the market in 1981. The company’s first four-wheeler in 1985 and was called the Bayou 185. The Bayou 300 4Ãâ€"4, honda first atv 4-wheel drive atv.Yamaha is made in japan and the parts cost so much because they have to ship cost The YZ250X is optimized for the unique demands of Hare Scrambles and GNCC ® racing. The YPVSâ„ ¢-equipped 249cc two-stroke engine is combined with a wide-ratio five-speed transmission for the ultimate cross-country power plant.Yamaha .com TOKYO, Japan, October 5, 2016 – Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. today announced that the two companies have begun discussions toward a possible business alliance in the Japanese market in the â€Å"Class-1 category*† which include scooters with a 50 cc engine or emy community does atv poker runs at least once a year to raise money for charity, i’ve seen almost every brand of atv and i will address them all, for the record out biggest ride was about 300 bikes Honda: their not the most powerful or fastest but their quality is by far the best, i’ve seen one break down Polaris: laughing stock, i don’t even know why people buy them, they do have power, but in a few years you will rebuild the whole bike Yamaha: a close second, they have very few problems, but its probably because most people don’t keep them stock and try to modify them to much Kawasaki: i don’t see many of them, but what i do see are impressive, a tie for second Can-am: i’ve only seen a few and they may beat honda on quality , but the price for a decent bike is ridiculous, their to pricey, but seeing less than a dozen, i can’t saylectric motor. Debate honda is the best .com . Some people like other atv brands that’s their opinion. How to cite What Motor Is More Reliable?, Papers

Working with Cultural Differences for Discourse -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWorking with Cultural Differences for Discourse Power. Answer: Culture The book we are going to read during this week informs us about culture, brings our social life into shape and how the culture is shaped by the society. Students will gain an understanding of the sociology of religion through this book. They are going to obtain this knowledge by looking at stories, arts, ideas, beliefs, religious practices and even media from a sociological perspective. Examples of cultures that exist in different countries during different periods will increase the students global knowledge. The student will gain a stronger sense of appreciation of societies and their cultures from this text (Asquith, 2014). The information will aid them to beat ignorance that leads to cultural misunderstandings and conflicts. The students will be equipped enough that they will live their lives wisely and professionally. Culture Identity Identity, this new terminology in the recent years has been a subject of debate in the studies of culture by many and different platforms. All from sexual identity, political, national, diaspora to identity crisis has been debated by many. Identity and difference study how these debates experience challenges and bring out their use to cultural questions of nationality, gender, race, sexuality, and health. In this modern world, the importance of difference and identity is shown at different levels; personal, local and global levels. Those involved in the illustration show the different ways in which identities are developed for and by people and bring to question the concepts of the fixity of difference and identity (Flood Howson, 2015). Different illustration from social philosophers, activist, essentialists and expansive approaches are researched. The complexity of the modern identities, including known discourses of motherhood, body, and health are also explored. Various deep deba tes of those common areas of disputed identities are combined with theory in identity and difference. It will be really important for the researchers and students in social theory, cultural studies, and popular culture if selected readings and specific activities are provided. Discourse Power Knowledge Home care organizations have been forced to restructure their functions in the system of health care delivery at the same time carrying out trials on heavy changes in services agency structures and operations. These changes and trials have been activated by the motivating force of managed care and cost management. New methods of care deliverance like managed care reimbursement are now increasingly being used as opposed to the old fee-for-service per-visit reimbursement models. Most certified medic-care home health organization which has survived using the old models for a long time are now relying on the new models more. The books seek research the intersection of the two fast-growing sectors of healthcare, managed care and home health sectors (Asquith, 2014). The research is carried out at this crucial time. The environment that is around the change to managed care from the traditional reimbursement is unpredictable and is changing rapidly. Plans the organizations are adopting to deal with this unpredictability together with HHA administrators understanding of the two effects of managed care are described. Even though agency characteristics inhibit variations, there are more similarities opposed to variations among HHAs (Griswold Wohl, 2015). The researchs conclusion shows that HHAs are encouraged to become similar to environment and market pressure within the deeply HNO-penetrated communities. This happens regardless of whether or not the HHAs possess managed care contracts. Theorising Whiteness The course examines the standings of white knowledge traditions, identities, and cultures within the discussions about native affairs. The learners will have an introduction to the main theories and thinkers in this area of critical race and whiteness theory. From there, together we will use the knowledge in the day to day experiences and popular culture. Students will have a chance to grow their knowledge of politics identity that is strongly tied with discussions in the field of native knowledge, post-colonialism, and imperialism (Giles, 2016). They will have this chance during at the concept and application stage of the native studies major. Whiteness, Identity, Race(Ism) The study researches how white teachers told children issues about national identity and diversity of cultures. They relied on qualitative research. The children were 8 to 12 years of age students and their teachers from four Austrian primary schools. The four schools possessed different cultural, ethnical and racial populations. Despite an existence of implicit and explicit views that raised the different levels of analysis among the students, the teachers often showed an Austrian national identity, white race and an Anglo-Austrian cultural identity. Three main points of view were noticeable that the teachers used to talk about cultural diversity and national identity; quasi-critical approach, cultural essentialism, and race elision (Harris, 2013). Indigenous Australia By bringing out these statements, it should be known that the native Australian is not just mare minority group. We are the very original and the first people in this country and therefore the inequality and various challenges we face is just a modern reflection of the past, how we were treated, and a clear fact of the persistence of systemic discrimination. In 1967, Australian nationals demanded fair treatment of the native Australians. The government and all Australians should indeed respect honor and acknowledge that mandate today. Immigration Migration has transformed from being at the periphery of concerns sociologically to its center. In their book, Stratton Trinder (2014) placed their focus on the manner in which migration has been experienced and responded to in Australia. The book is mostly aimed at assembling the most recent developments in gaining knowledge on the sociology of Policy, Practice Current Issues Circumstances force the refugees to leave their homes to start afresh in a different place. This paper will focus on the challenges faced by those Austrians who were putting their efforts on projects aimed at helping the refugees relocate as a strategy. This discussion is based on an evaluation project which took two years. The project studied two refugee locations in the communities of Swan Hill and Warrnambool in Victoria, Australia. Refugee communities are often faced with problems of health and unemployment, and therefore a relocation program is important with the opportunity and risk they present (Dandy, Dunn, Jetten, Paradies, Robinson Ziaian, 2017). The government and the entire community at large have to recognize the importance of these relocation programs. They should also know the consequences of the absence of these programs to the whole country. Gender Feminism All around the globe, there are increasing campaigns aimed at including the male child and men in curbing violence against women. These efforts to reduce the violence against women now require that men must engage. Although there are numerous dangers of doing this, there is also a strong feminist rationale for such activity (Bonnett, 2017). This paper gives a review of the various activities that involve men in the effort of reducing violence against women. This article also points out the various strategies that work, that men can use effectively to end violence against women. Sexuality In this article, it examines a life-history interview carried out in Sydney in the 1980s. It is about a transsexual woman. The interview talks to the interviewer, a transsexual woman. She had decided that she would take a different path with politics about concepts, solidarity, and commitment to feminism (Robinson Davies, 2014). She wanted the world to view transsexual women as just normal people. Class This paper deals with the injustices and inequalities coming up at the intersection of sexuality and class. There have been recent changes in the UK laws creating the possibility for lesbian, transgender, gay and bisexual people to live normal legitimate lives. The experience of having to live with this new liberal sexual scope is likely to be debated by the social class (Meyer, 2017). Using two types of research works and with the help of Bourdieus conceptualization of class and queer theory and then using this new class people, I illustrate the importance of focusing on the interaction between class and the sexual identity to understand the unequal ways these people may try the transformations in the sexual life. References Asquith, N.L., 2014. A governance of denial. The Routledge International Handbook on Hate Crime, p.174. Bonnett, A., 2017. The enchanted path: magic and modernism in psychogeographical walking. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. Dandy, J., Dunn, K., Jetten, J., Paradies, Y., Robinson, L. and Ziaian, T., 2017. 16 Intercultural Relations in Australia. Mutual Intercultural Relations, p.333. Harris, A., 2013. Young people and everyday multiculturalism (Vol. 13). Routledge. Flood, M. and Howson, R. eds., 2015. Engaging Men in Building Gender Equality. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Giles, H. ed., 2016. Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts. Cambridge University Press. Griswold, W. and Wohl, H., 2015. Evangelists of culture: One Book programs and the agents who define literature, shape tastes, and reproduce regionalism. Poetics, 50, pp.96-109. Meyer, D., 2017. One Day Im Going to be Really Successful: The Social Class Politics of Videos Made for the It Gets Better Anti-Gay Bullying Project. Critical Sociology, 43(1), pp.113-127. Robinson, K.H. and Davies, C., 2014. Doing sexuality research with children: Ethics, theory, methods and practice. Stratton, M. and Trinder, B., 2014. Twentieth century industrial archaeology. Taylor Francis.

My Blanket free essay sample

Money, jewelry, puppies, lovers—most people rank these items high on their lists of â€Å"My Favorite Thing.† But not me. My favorite item in the world is â€Å"Beibei.† I can’t live without her; she’s as important as oxygen to me. Beibei is my blanket, white and soft and sweet-smelling. When I touch Bei-Bei, it’s like touching clothes fresh from the dryer, warm, fluffy, scented with â€Å"Snuggle.† Beibei has always seemed to have a magic power that attracts and soothes me: When I was born, my parents covered me with her to quiet my crying. They say I would tuck my chin into Beibei’s folds and grip her corners in my tiny fingers. Even now, I find it almost impossible to sleep without Beibei. One time, I forgot to take Beibei when I traveled to Australia. Every night was a nightmare. I didn’t enjoy that trip. I love Beibei’s smell; it keeps me calm and happy. We will write a custom essay sample on My Blanket or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But my family hates Beibei’s smell; it’s like sweaty socks to them. When they smell her, they throw her across the room. The only person who agrees with me is my brother. He loves Beibei’s smell because he once had a blanket, too. Unfortunately, it fell apart. Sometimes, I share Beibei’s smell with him. Even though I love the smell, I want my family to accept Beibei. So I decided to wash her. (It took me a week to make this decision.) My mother was so happy and volunteered to help. I had two rules, however. First, Beibei can’t be washed in the washing machine. She needs to be washed by hands or she’ll fall apart. Second, Beibei can’t be thrown into the dryer or she’ll shrink. After Beibei was cleaned, my family finally accepted her. No one throws Beibei away and treats her like a pernicious disease. Beibei—my blanket—is my favorite item in the world. I can’t live without her. She’s a part of my body. When she hurts, I feel pain, too.

How to Write a Family History Project

How to Write a Family History Project Writing a family history may seem like a daunting task, but when the relatives start nagging, you can follow these five  easy steps to make your family history project a reality. Choose a Format What do you envision for your family history project? A simple photocopied booklet shared only with family members or a full-scale, hard-bound book to serve as a reference for other genealogists? Perhaps youd rather produce a family newsletter, cookbook, or website. Now is the time to be honest with yourself about the type of family history that meetings your needs and your schedule. Otherwise, youll have a half-finished product nagging you for years to come. Considering your interests, potential audience, and the types of materials you have to work with, here are some forms your family history can take: Memoir/Narrative: A combination of story and personal experience, memoirs,  and narratives do not need to be all-inclusive or objective. Memoirs usually focus on a specific episode or time period in the life of a single ancestor, while a narrative generally encompasses a group of ancestors.Cookbook: Share your familys favorite recipes while writing about the people who created them. A fun project to assemble, cookbooks help carry on the family tradition  of cooking and eating together.Scrapbook or Album: If youre fortunate enough to have a large collection of family photos and memorabilia, a scrapbook or photo album can be a fun way to tell your familys story. Include your photos in chronological order and include stories, descriptions, and family trees to complement the pictures. Most family histories are generally narrative in nature, with a combination of personal stories, photos, and family trees. Define the Scope Do you intend to write mostly about just one particular relative, or everyone in your family tree? As the author, you need to choose a focus for your family history book. Some possibilities include: Single Line of Descent:  Begin  with the earliest known ancestor for a particular surname and follows him/her through a single line of descent (to yourself, for example). Each chapter of your book would cover one ancestor or generation.All Descendants Of...:  Begin  with an individual or couple and cover all of their descendants, with chapters organized by generation. If youre focusing your family history on an immigrant ancestor, this is a good way to go.Grandparents:  Include  a section on each of your four grandparents, or eight great-grandparents, or sixteen great-great-grandparents if you are feeling  ambitious. Each individual section should focus on one grandparent and work backward through their ancestry or forward from his/her earliest known ancestor. Again, these suggestions can easily be adapted to fit your interests, time constraints,  and creativity. Set Realistic Deadlines Even though youll likely find yourself scrambling to meet them, deadlines force you to complete each stage of your project. The goal here is to get each piece done within a specified time frame. Revising and polishing can always be done later. The best way to meet these deadlines is to schedule writing time, just as you would a visit to the doctor or the hairdresser. Choose a Plot and  Themes Thinking of your ancestors as characters in your family  story, ask yourself: what problems and obstacles did they face? A plot gives your family history interest and focus. Popular family history plots and themes include: Immigration/MigrationRags to RichesPioneer or Farm LifeWar Survival Do Your Background Research If you want your family history to read more like a suspense novel than a dull, dry textbook,  it is important to make the reader feel like an eyewitness to your familys life. Even when your ancestors didnt leave accounts of their daily lives, social histories can help you learn about the experiences of people in a given time and place. Read town and city histories to learn what life was life during certain periods of interest.  Research timelines  of wars, natural disasters, and epidemics to see if any might have influenced your ancestors. Read up on the fashions, art, transportation, and common foods of the time. If you havent already, be sure to interview all of your living relatives. Family stories told in a relatives own words will add a personal touch to your book. Dont Be Afraid to Use Records and Documents Photos, pedigree charts, maps, and other illustrations can also add interest to family history and help break up the writing into manageable chunks for the reader. Be sure to include detailed captions for any photos or illustrations that you incorporate. Include an Index and Source Citations Source citations are an essential part of any family book, to both provide credibility to your research, and to leave a trail that others can follow to verify your findings.

20 Things People Hate About Your Website

20 Things People Hate About Your Website Do you want to create a website that is guaranteed to attract and keep visitors? Developing a web presence that audience loves is easy – if you avoid the twenty things people hate about websites. Whether it be through smartphones, laptops, tablets, or home computers, almost everyone can easily obtain the vast and overwhelming source of information that makes up the world-wide web. It goes without saying that online sources are full of useful and popular web pages that people visit again and again because they love what is offered at that particular page. However, many websites they visit leave a terrible impression that makes them never want to return. We’ve searched high and low to reveal the top twenty things that people hate about your website to guide you to create a site that they will love! Copy Mistakes Listed below are the most common mistakes made when it comes to your website’s text content, better known as the copy. 1. Your Copy is Over-Saturated with Keywords In years past, the way search engines found webpages was by the amount of keywords within the copy. Today, search engines are much smarter and are able to find what you are searching for without the use of keyword density. While keyword density is important for SEO (search engine optimization) when you have too many keywords in the copy, it makes it unreadable for those who visit your website!   2. Confusing About Us Page The about us page should be exactly about the website your guests are visiting. When you do not have a clear and easy to understand about us page, your visitors will feel confused and overwhelmed at not knowing the exact products or services you offer.   3.  Lack of a Blog A blog is a great way to boost your SEO, but it is also a great tool to connect to your website visitors. Blogs can give a great source of information and   they will boost traffic to your site just so long as the blog you offer readers is interesting and updated often. Blogs can also be sources of Frequently Asked Questions and their answers to assist your visitors with an issue without having to contact customer service. 4. Call to Actions that Do Not Match Offers The calls to action that you feature on your website should coincide with the offers you are promoting to your visitors. Nothing will frustrate people more   than being told they will receive a 50% off discount if they buy now. Only to find out there are more strings attached to the promotion such as: must spend X amount of money, selected items only, or applicable for in-store purchases only. When your call to action doesn’t match the offers, your reputation will suffer, but more importantly, so will your conversion rates. 5. Headlines That Misguide Readers Catchy and interesting titles and headlines within your copy are great and useful ways to attract the reader’s attention. Just bear in mind that if your copy doesn’t match the title, you will become known as a ‘click bait’ site or one that attracts readers because of the title. Once they reach the website, they quickly realize the information they were looking for is not there and they will leave. Not to mention misleading headlines annoy readers and create distrust. 6. Contact Forms Instead of Contact Information When your website does not feature basic contact information such as email, phone number, and/or address your visitors will not be able to contact you! Sometimes websites will use a contact form. Contact forms are a fill in the blank information box that will store the data provided by the website visitor and will leave the communication up to the team behind the website. This is unreliable for visitors and many people nowadays feel uncomfortable with giving out personal information over the Internet. 7. Unclear Descriptions of What Your Company Does This is just as bad as having a mashed up About Us page. When you have visitors to your site and your website is not intuitive enough to show exactly what your company does, it will create feelings of confusion and mistrust. If you cannot make your visitors stay for more than fifteen seconds, they will be more than likely to abandon your site to never return. Visual Mistakes Websites must be visually appealing to visitors. This will help encourage them to stay on the site and even return knowing they will have an enjoyable experience. 8.  Using Obvious Stock Photos It’s alright to employ the use of stock photos from time to time, but be careful which ones you select for your website! It is painfully obvious when a website is using tacky, generic, or even cheesy stock photos. Images should be used on your website to help your visitors. Using generic photos serve no purpose when it comes to being helpful to your visitors. 9. Using Distracting Animations Animations can be fun and entertaining for your website visitors, but take caution when thinking about using them for your website. Often times, people find that animations are distracting as the constant movements take the eyes away from the text they are trying to read. For example, if your website does not pass the three second blink test (the crucial three seconds it takes for visitors to decide to stay on the page or not), they will click the back button. Obtrusive and distracting animations can cause your site to fail the three second blink test and if you are interested in using animations on your webpage, make sure to do so the right way! 10. Not Knowing What to Do While this is the most obvious visual aspect of your websites, many webpages out there have no indication as to what the visitor is supposed to do once they arrive. If you’re an online store that shoppers cannot easily access products or they cannot figure out how to use your site, guess what? They will shop somewhere else. The same goes for every single type of website, whether you are on online store or not. If your visitors cannot figure out what to do, then they will head somewhere else for what they need. 11. There Are Too Many Pop Ups If there is any one thing that will turn people away from your website, it is the use of pop ups. No one likes them. No one. If you are using them on your site, please take the steps to remove them! People find pop ups annoying and sometimes difficult to close. Besides, pop up ads will distract your visitor from the main purpose of visiting your site in the first place. 12. Sliders Take Too Long to Load Using image sliders are popular choices for web design and when they are done right, you can have a visually appealing website. On the contrary, if your site has loaded nearly 90% of the way and your visitors still cannot see the slider image, they will find that they will have to wait too long for your site to do its thing and they will become bored and search elsewhere. User Interface Mistakes When it comes to websites, user interface is one of the most important factors in attracting and keeping visitors on your page. When user interface is done right, your visitors will have no trouble and even enjoy using your website. If the design and usability is unfriendly or not functioning properly, you will find that you will have unhappy visitors whose numbers continue to dwindle. 13. Unable to Contact Customer Service There are hundreds of websites that offer instant connections with customer service agents, whether they are live or virtual. When you see the pop up or prompt to use their online customer service and you actual go to do so, chances are you are already frustrated due to an issue you are experiencing. As a visitor you automatically expect the online customer service tools to work and function so you can be assisted with your issue. When these things are not working, visitors can become outraged and confused, not knowing where they need to go for help with their problem. Furthermore, if you have your customer service contact information listed on your site, make sure it is accurate and that your customers are able to reach someone. 14. Not Mobile or Tablet Optimized Today people are accessing the Internet via the smallest devices possible. Yet, there are still plenty of sites out there that do not work on mobile phones or tablets. This can be caused by the lack of mobilization in the design and code structure. To put it simply, some webpages are not built or coded, to adjust to the smaller screens which will prevent the entire thing from loading at all. Mobilization ensures that your website will work on: iPhones Tablets Android phones Laptops with small screens In short, the mobile-optimized site can be accessible for your audience from any device. 15. Poor Navigation Tools Poor navigation within a website will leave your visitors confused and frustrated, as they will not know what to do or how to find something on your site. Having a search bar or navigation bar that functions properly and is easy to use will allow your visitors to find exactly what they need in just a few clicks. Phrasing the navigation copy, how to properly analyze visitor’s flow, are used to make a website easy to search though. Take time to design your site and make sure you can achieve the perfect website navigational tools. 16.  Struggling to Buy Products When you are buying anything online, all you want is for this process to be quick and painless. There are several websites that commit what is known as two-site syndrome and their users go to click on something and it leads you to another site to complete the task that should have been done on the first website. Two-site syndrome has shown to decrease conversion rates, and make the customer experience a miserable one. Take our advice and avoid the two-site syndrome so your customers can make their online purchases as hassle free. Overall Website Mistakes 17. No Social Media Icons Social media is one of the greatest ways to connect and network between current and future customers. It is so common and very easy for visitors to share with their family and friends by using the social media icons found on the website. Social media icons make it instant and did I mention ‘easy’ for your guests to share what they love about your site! Not to mention, when your site and content can be spread across several social media platforms, your site will be able to see a boost in SEO and your page ranks according to your search browser. A quick list of social media icons all online business should or need to have: Facebook Instagram Twitter Imgur Tumblr Google+ Flickr 18.  Auto-Playing Videos   We’ve all been to those annoying sites that startle you when they catch you off guard with their loud and unexpected video that begins to play out of nowhere. People across the globe find those auto-playing videos on websites to be insulting, distracting, and annoying as they are reported to be one of the worst tactics for webpages. 19. Internal Links that Lead Nowhere Crosslinks also known as internal links, are links within the webpage that keep your visitors on your page or provide a gateway to another useful website, are excellent tools for allowing your visitor to learn more or continue searching for related topics. When you go to click on an interesting link and you end up nowhere, you will become frustrated and even decide to leave the entire site behind. This all comes down to not having proper function and this alone will change the minds of your visitors. If you do have internal links, always make sure for them to open with a fully separate tab. Many times, customers will click on a link and want to continue reading or examining your website. In this case allow them to stay on the page they are reading and let the link they clicked on open up in a whole new tab so they do not lose their place! 20. Takes Too Long to Load Going back to the point made about the three second blink test, people want things to happen fast! Unless the Internet connection is fully to blame for a slow load time of a webpage, you need to do everything you can to allow your site to load fast. The longer it takes for your website to load, the more people will search elsewhere and abandon your site completely. In today’s world, many people seek instant gratification. This is especially true for using the Internet and accessing websites. According to a study, 40% of your sites visitors will leave if it takes longer than three seconds to load. Luckily, there are ways to test the site’s load time and you can make sure to take the steps to adjust where you need to in order to pass these tests. Once you have tested your load time check the following factors to ensure they are not causing your site to load at a snail’s pace: Spikes in traffic – too many people trying to access the site at once will definitely cause a slow-down. Sharing server space if your site is hosted somewhere and you share server space with a busier, more active site, it can cause your site to be slower. It is advised to hire private server space to prevent this from happening. The total number of the HTTP requests your site receives. If you are trying to boost your traffic and maintain a healthy following of regular visitors, make sure you are NOT making the mistakes that lead to people hating your website. Even though they might not seem like a big deal, even the smallest mistakes can lead to low traffic, low conversion rates, and low bottom line results. At the end of the day, if you want to have a strong and prevalent online presence, no matter what sort of website you have, make sure you are doing everything in your power to ensure yours is mistake free. Giving your visitors a pleasant experience will not only have them coming back for more (and telling their friends when they share your site on their social networks), but your webpage will not be known amongst the worst on the Internet. This will only happen if you avoid the twenty things people hate about websites, so plan and execute your web strategy carefully! Your site’s survival on the Internet depends on it!

Write about two sociological variables race and animal abuse Essay

Write about two sociological variables race and animal abuse - Essay Example Hypothesis 1. The ethnicity or race of an individual may or may not have an effect on their propensity to abuse or not abuse animals. To prove or disprove this initial hypothesis, it would be necessary to select an equal group of individuals from every possible racial background. For example, 25 men and 25 women between the ages of twenty and forty would be selected from each racial background. These groups would include Caucasian, African American, Latino and Asian. These groups would all be blind to what the study was about. The groups would be kept separate by race and monitored in a facility for one week. Each individual would be placed with a dog. Each individual would be monitored for the duration of the week. The dogs would also be monitored. At the end of the week, the following would be determined: The behavior of the dog as compared to the behavior at the beginning of the week; the number of times each person fed, watered, petted or spent time with the dog (walking the dog etc); and of course any abuse or neglect would be determined. The possible problems with this study would be age variation in the individuals as a possible factor, whether or not each person was a "dog" person or not, whether or not the person avoided displaying abusive behavior due to feeling "watched" or observed. Possible challenges for this particular method of study might include the fact that there are several variables within the study such as both women and men. The question of whether or not males are more likely to abuse animals as opposed to females could be posed. Another variable to consider is whether the individuals in the study had been abused as children as this may play in to their tendency to be abusive as adults. Also, the fact that this study is not being conducted on a large scale may be a challenging factor. However, the relatively small size of the groups should keep costs low and should therefore be within reach. Finally, religious background could be a variable not foreseen or considered. If an individual is of Hindu faith, they will revere animals as much as human life and therefore possibly be that much less susceptible to abusive behavior towards animals. A solution to this variable dilemma may be to only select individuals of non religion. If individuals have no religious beliefs, this may even out the subjects that are being studied, that much more. Other religions, such as Santeria customarily perform animal sacrifice and therefore may view animals in a less than ethical way. Hypothesis 2. The occurrence of domestic violence and animal abuse may be correlated. If domestic abuse is more prominent in a particular race, then animal abuse must also be. "Shelter women were more likely to report that their partners had threatened to hurt their pets" (Ascione, Weber, Wood, 1997). In order to conduct a study to explore this hypothesis, one would have to narrow down the study to either domestic abusers or victims of domestic abuse" In recent years the link between animal cruelty and family violence has captured the attention of sociologists, psychologists, criminologists, and lawmakers" (Faver, Strand, 2003). The best way to go about this study would be to work within roughly 4 women's shelters. These shelters would need to be a good distance apart from one another in order to broaden the demographics of the study. Once gaining permission from the shelter and its residence, one would need to

Human Resource Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Interview - Essay Example This is in a bid to have a point where employees can be recruited, selected, trained, and given the necessary guidelines to pursue their responsibilities. This paper summarizes an interview I conducted with Kevin Warns the HR manager of Wabash Valley Power Association (Price, 2011). Kevin Warns is the Human Resource (HR) manager at Wabash Valley Power Association which has its headquarters at Terre Haute, Indiana. Kevin lives in within Delaware, Indiana with his family and his address is Delaware, Indiana 569034-001 and phone number is (302) 654-0000. He can be reached through the office email address kevin@wabashvalley.org as the human resource manager who has been with the company for the past 5 years. Kevin involvement in human resource development stems from various companies and he has eleven years of experience, Wabash Valley offers wholesale circulation of power in 28 cooperatives within Indiana, Illinois among others. Kevin duties and responsibilities include ensuring that Wa bash Valley Power Association generates efficient programs that enhance the reputation of its employees. This means focusing on ensuring that Wabash Valley employees have the right skills, attitude and expertise to complete their jobs efficiently. This means that he coordinates recruiting, selection and hiring employees while at the same time training as well as guiding them to fulfill their duties efficiently. It is his duty in coordination with the training manager to evaluate, monitor, and counsel employees so that they can achieve their full potential. In addition, he takes the responsibility of ensuring the employees are working in a safe and secure environment. This means guaranteeing that they have the right tools and equipment necessary for completing their tasks efficiently (Price, 2011). Kevin has the role of creating compensation plans, appreciation policies, direct compensation, and reward as well as punishment. It is imperative to deal with job-related accidents, employ ment lawsuits, and any unresolved conflicts among employees. Kevin uses his tools and abilities to foster growth in employees within the company. For instance, he focuses on encouraging employees to maximize the level of sales using training procedures, enhancing engagement levels, and sending focused workers to educational seminars. It is clear from the interview that Kevin preserves management procedures by, modernizing, and endorsing human resource polices that have the potential to accomplish goals of Wabash Valley. Kevin indicated that he participates in team effort to complete result oriented duties that are essential to the company (Sims, 2007). Kevin argues that HR manager requires various competencies, skills and knowledge to successfully achieve human resource development, the first competence is having knowledge of the business and its operations. It is paramount for HR to realize the business strategy, how the business generates money, technological practices involved, a nd organization potential among others. The HR manager ought to have understanding of various business fields like finance, marketing, Information Technology, operations and management. Kevin suggests that HR director should have awareness of â€Å"Best Practices† necessary to deliver quality services. In this way, continuous process of enhancing expertise in their filed and awareness of high tech best practices in recruiting, development, compensation, performance execution among other HR duties. Kevin emphasizes the need to deliver exceptional skills of people management and focus in a bid to take the business to its next level (Price, 2011). In addition, Kevin indicates that HR manager must have the capability to change management skills in a flexible manner.

Approaches of New Criticism Essay Example for Free

Approaches of New Criticism Essay A literary movement that started in the late 1920s and 1930s and originated in reaction to traditional criticism that new critics saw as largely concerned with matters extraneous to the text, e.g., with the biography or psychology of the author or the works relationship to literary history. New Criticism proposed that a work of literary art should be regarded as autonomous, and so should not be judged by reference to considerations beyond itself. A poem consists less of a series of referential and verifiable statements about the real world beyond it, than of the presentation and sophisticated organization of a set of complex experiences in a verbal form (Hawkes, pp. 150-151). Major figures of New Criticism include I. A. Richards, T. S. Eliot, Cleanth Brooks, David Daiches, William Empson, Murray Krieger, John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, F. R. Leavis, Robert Penn Warren, W. K. Wimsatt, R. P. Blackmur, Rene Wellek, Ausin Warren, and Ivor Winters. Archetypal/Myth Criticism A form of criticism based largely on the works of C. G. Jung (YOONG) and Joseph Campbell (and myth itself). Some of the schools major figures include Robert Graves, Francis Fergusson, Philip Wheelwright, Leslie Fiedler, Northrop Frye, Maud Bodkin, and G. Wilson Knight. These critics view the genres and individual plot patterns of literature, including highly sophisticated and realistic works, as recurrences of certain archetypes and essential mythic formulae. Archetypes, according to Jung, are primordial images; the psychic residue of repeated types of experience in the lives of very ancient ancestors which are inherited in the collective unconscious of the human race and are expressed in myths, religion, dreams, and private fantasies, as well as in the works of literature (Abrams, p. 10, 112). Some common examples of archetypes include water, sun, moon, colors, circles, the Great Mother, Wise Old Man, etc. In terms of archetypal criticism, the color white might be associated with in nocence or could signify death or the supernatural. Psychoanalytic Criticism The application of specific psychological principles (particularly those of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan [zhawk lawk-KAWN]) to the study of literature. Psychoanalytic criticism may focus on the writers psyche, the study of the creative process, the study of psychological types and principles present within works of literature, or the effects of literature upon its readers (Wellek and Warren, p. 81). In addition to Freud and Lacan, major figures include Shoshona Felman, Jane Gallop, Norman Holland, George Klein, Elizabeth Wright, Frederick Hoffman, and, Simon Lesser. Marxism A sociological approach to literature that viewed works of literature or art as the products of historical forces that can be analyzed by looking at the material conditions in which they were formed. In Marxist ideology, what we often classify as a world view (such as the Victorian age) is actually the articulations of the dominant class. Marxism generally focuses on the clash between the dominant and repressed classes in any given age and also may encourage art to imitate what is often termed an objective reality. Contemporary Marxism is much broader in its focus, and views art as simultaneously reflective and autonomous to the age in which it was produced. The Frankfurt School is also associated with Marxism (Abrams, p. 178, Childers and Hentzi, pp. 175-179). Major figures include Karl Marx, Terry Eagleton, Fredric Jameson, Raymond Williams, Louis Althusser (ALT-whos-sair), Walter Benjamin (ben-yeh-MEEN), Antonio Gramsci (GRAWM-shee), Georg Lukacs (lou-KOTCH), and Friedrich Engels, Theordor Adorno (a-DOR-no), Edward Ahern, Gilles Deleuze (DAY-looz) and Felix Guattari (GUAT-eh-ree Postcolonialism Literally, postcolonialism refers to the period following the decline of colonialism, e.g., the end or lessening of domination by European empires. Although the term postcolonialism generally refers to the period after colonialism, the distinction is not always made. In its use as a critical approach, postcolonialism refers to a collection of theoretical and critical strategies used to examine the culture (literature, politics, history, and so forth) of former colonies of the European empires, and their relation to the rest of the world (Makaryk 155 see General Resources below). Among the many challenges facing postcolonial writers are the attempt both to resurrect their culture and to combat preconceptions about their culture. Edward Said, for example, uses the word Orientalism to describe the discourse about the East constructed by the West. Major figures include Edward Said (sah-EED), Homi Bhabha (bah-bah), Frantz Fanon (fah-NAWN), Gayatri Spivak, Chinua Achebe (ah-CHAY-bay) , Wo le Soyinka, Salman Rushdie, Jamaica Kincaid, and Buchi Emecheta Existentialism Existentialism is a philosophy (promoted especially by Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus) that views each person as an isolated being who is cast into an alien universe, and conceives the world as possessing no inherent human truth, value, or meaning. A persons life, then, as it moves from the nothingness from which it came toward the nothingness where it must end, defines an existence which is both anguished and absurd (Guerin). In a world without sense, all choices are possible, a situation which Sartre viewed as human beings central dilemma: Man [woman] is condemned to be free. In contrast to atheist existentialism, SÃ ¸ren Kierkegaard theorized that belief in God (given that we are provided with no proof or assurance) required a conscious choice or leap of faith. The major figures include SÃ ¸ren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre (sart or SAR-treh), Albert Camus (kah-MUE or ka-MOO) , Simone de Beauvoir (bohv-WAHR) , Martin Buber, Karl Jaspers (YASS-pers), and Maurice Merleau-Ponty (mer-LOH pawn-TEE). Structuralism Structuralism Structuralism is a way of thinking about the world which is predominantly concerned with the perceptions and description of structures. At its simplest, structuralism claims that the nature of every element in any given situation has no significance by itself, and in fact is determined by all the other elements involved in that situation. The full significance of any entity cannot be perceived unless and until it is integrated into the structure of which it forms a part (Hawkes, p. 11). Structuralists believe that all human activity is constructed, not natural or essential. Consequently, it is the systems of organization that are important (what we do is always a matter of selection within a given construct). By this formulation, any activity, from the actions of a narrative to not eating ones peas with a knife, takes place within a system of differences and has meaning only in its relation to other possible activities within that system, not to some meaning that emanates from nature or the divine (Childers Hentzi, p. 286.). Major figures include Claude LÃ ©vi-Strauss (LAY-vee-strows), A. J. Greimas (GREE-mahs), Jonathan Culler, Roland Barthes (bart), Ferdinand de Saussure (soh-SURR or soh-ZHOR), Roman Jakobson (YAH-keb-sen), Vladimir Propp, and Terence Hawkes. Post-Structuralism and Deconstruction Post-Structuralism (which is often used synonymously with Deconstruction or Postmodernism) is a reaction to structuralism and works against seeing language as a stable, closed system. It is a shift from seeing the poem or novel as a closed entity, equipped with definite meanings which it is the critics task to decipher, to seeing literature as irreducibly plural, an endless play of signifiers which can never be finally nailed down to a single center, essence, or meaning (Eagleton 120 see reference below under General References). Jacques Derridas (dair-ree-DAH) paper on Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences (delivered in 1966) proved particularly influential in the creation of post-structuralism. Derrida argued against, in essence, the notion of a knowable center (the Western ideal of logocentrism), a structure that could organize the differential play of language or thought but somehow remain immune to the same play it depicts (Abrams, 258-9). Derridas critique of structuralism also heralded the advent of deconstruction thatlike post-structuralismcritiques the notion of origin built into structuralism. In negative terms, deconstructionparticularly as articulated by Derridahas often come to be interpreted as anything goes since nothing has any real meaning or truth. More positively, it may posited that Derrida, like Paul de Man (de-MAHN) and other post-structuralists, really asks for rigor, that is, a type of interpretation that is constantly and ruthlessly self-conscious and on guard. Similarly, Christopher Norris (in Whats Wrong with Postmodernism?) launches a cogent argument against simplistic attacks of Derridas theories:

Radio Frequency Weapons and the Next Phase of Terrorism :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Radio Frequency Weapons and the Next Phase of Terrorism         Ã‚  Ã‚  Abstract:   This paper examines different types of radio frequency ("RF") weapons that are currently being developed.   It discusses the different types of weapons that currently exist, explains why they would be useful to terrorists, and explores different ways to defend against them.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent media articles have put forth the idea of the "RF weapon," something that has been described as if it were a magical gun that can bring the United States to its knees.   While these weapons do exist, the threat they pose is far less widespread and dangerous than articles such as "RF Weapons Attacking Our Freedom?" propose.   Having said that, however, the threat is real, and steps need to be taken to defend against RF weaponry.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the first distinctions that should be drawn in this discussion is that between RF weapons and EMP weapons.   An EMP (electromagnetic pulse) is usually employed by detonating a thermonuclear devices at high altitudes (500 miles or more) above the Earth.   The resulting electromagnetic pulse cripples any electronic equipment within its path.   Thus, one nuclear device can be used to cripple the modern infrastructure of an entire nation [1].   An RF device is effective over a much smaller range, but it can cause just as much damage [2].      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to David Shriner, a former military engineer and expert on RF technology, there are a number of different types of RF weapons, which are also referred to as High Powered Microwave (HPM) weapons.   The first type is the conventional RF weapon, which sends out a concentrated band of radio waves toward a target.   These radio waves act in a way similar to the waves inside a normal microwave oven; given a sufficient amount of power, they can be used to heat and damage electronic equipment operating at the same frequency.   Because of this need to match frequency with the target, conventional RF weapons require prior research and intelligence before they can be deployed effectively by terrorists [3].      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A second, more insidious type of HPM weapon is what Shriner calls the Transient Electromagnetic Device (TED).   Instead of producing a sine wave at a particular frequency (as conventional RF devices do), the TED creates a sudden spike of energy that can last as little as 100 picoseconds (the amount of time it takes light to travel about 1.

Inspection & control programs for wildlife Essay

Wildlife exists in every ecosystem. From the desert, rainforest, plain areas up to developed urban cities and communities we can observe wild animals. These animals, plants and different organisms which have lived through generations of harsh conditions the natural environment has inflicted, without being put under human control comprise what we know as the wildlife. Non-domesticated plants and animals and other organisms make up the different forms of wildlife. Animals and plants are important for human survival. They are consumed for food, man’s basic need to live. They also provide shelter and protection against adverse weather conditions and varying weather patterns. They are use to build houses and create different raw materials that would cater men’s everyday needs. Through the passage of time men have learned to domesticate different species of plants and animals. By domesticating them, access to animals and plants that previously were found only in the wild, was made easier. Foods and different by-products that are obtained from domesticating them can be made available in a matter on time. It relieves people from the burden of hunting and the trouble it presents. Furthermore, by learning to take care of them people had created a more control environment that has greatly benefitted these plants and animals. Competition among the animals was eliminated as needs for survival is sufficiently provided by men. Although the process of domesticating the different species of plants and animals has yielded promising results to men, some species are best left in the wild. Examples of these animals are ferocious creatures such as mountain lions, tigers, coyotes and bears. People will find it very difficult to tame the above mentioned creatures. Coexistence between the family members and community people would be impossible to achieve. Birds are also best left in the wild, as they brighten our sky with their every flight. Wildlife provides men a large number of benefits. Wildlife aids in achieving a balance in nature. They are the lead characters that balance everything in nature, as a result a more diverse wildlife is created (Duke, 1981). Thus, a more convenient, fitting and healthy environment is obtained. Also, they provide more sophisticated raw materials that men used in manufacturing clothes, shoes and other goods used for adornment. Wildlife also contributes to people’s enjoyment in involving to outdoor activities. Hiking, camping and mountaineering are made more exciting with the knowledge about the â€Å"wild†. Wild animals and plants are also hot subjects for anyone taking photographs. But among these outdoor activities, hunting has become the most anticipated form of enjoyment. Each year, more and more are engaged with the said activity. Through the years, men have learned and understand the importance and implication of wildlife to their lives. Today, huge attention is given to wildlife in order to prevent extinction of some animal species. The Federal and State Government are in the forefront of providing services that would ensure the abundance of our wildlife in the future. They are the agencies that have taken full responsibility in creating a diverse wildlife that in turn leads to a healthy environment. They have provided guidelines and programs that would direct every individual to perform appropriate conducts to support their agendas. However, with the continuous effort of the Federal and State Government of uplifting the conditions of the wildlife in different regions, conflicts were born between human and the interests related to wildlife. Boundaries have been crossed that requires immediate actions in order to protect the interests of both parties. Wildlife is a constant threat to human safety. It adversely affects our society. In Arizona, mountain lions are allowed to lurk and roam. It is consider as part of the government’s conservation program symbolizing Arizona’s wilderness. With the lion’s population thriving, death on the people’s livestock increases at a rapid rate. Incidents of attacks to human were also recorded. Aside from the security threat wildlife poses to men, wild animals are carriers of disease that could easily be transmitted to men. Rabies and other airborne diseases are very common for wild animals which can easily be transmitted to people. Wildlife also poses risks to public safety in the field of aviation. Flocks of birds flying in certain altitude can collide with a commercial or military aircraft. Collisions between birds and airplanes are inevitable. Due to the large mass and the aircraft’s movement at high speed, aircrafts are at risk in colliding with birds. Although, birds has the ability to change direction and flight course in a matter of time, the speed level of aircrafts, make it improbable for migrating birds to change their direction of flight before a collision can take place. Bird collisions and accidents involving mammals and other land animals happen mostly during an airplane’s take off and landing. The bulk of the number of collisions happening before take off and during landing is a direct result caused when aircrafts fly at low altitudes. Collisions result to damage of properties that in return lead to the crashing of aircraft, injuries to pilot and passenger and death to some extent. Damages as a result by these collisions amount to million of dollars. The potential for human injury, death and damages to properties always looms largely at hand if wildlife is not placed and kept away from airports and runways. Thus, it is important for airports to be situated in areas far from the route birds used as their migrating patterns. With the different issues wildlife poses, it is then important to maintain a balance between the interest of human and wildlife. Programs and regulations must be made available to the public in order to understand every underlying detail about this issue, since conflicts between wildlife and human is a sensitive topic. The range of environmental, social and economic implications should be carefully considered. To minimize the accidents and threats to public health and safety imposed by wildlife, the Federal and State Government have created programs that would control wildlife activities. In order to control wildlife, technical assistance is important. Technical assistance encompasses information and data studying about wildlife and the damages they brought. It includes managing of problems and at the same time it provides answers and advices in handing out these different issues. In order to effectively control wildlife authorities must first identify and understood the danger the different animal species present in the environment. They should prioritize the dangers these species brought about in order to come up with an effective counter measure. In order for an airport manager to reduce the risk of collision between birds and plane and other accidents brought by wild animals he must first fully understand the situation around the airport’s premises. The Wildlife Services (WS), an agency under the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) assist in providing evaluation and analysis on the different problems created by different wildlife species. A set of rules that will evaluate the dangers, risk factors and threats species of animal present to airports and aircrafts was created. By providing this guideline, the hazards that birds and other species bring to the aviation industry are identified clearly. Managers can then devise preventive schemes that could lessen the accidents brought by the species of animals. This guideline is referred to as risk assessment rating system. The program is applied to every airfield and airport to understand the risks different species posed to flying aircrafts. Furthermore, it enables managers to prioritize the measures they must take. It also provides a brief view of the possible amount of money that would be spent in assuaging the dangers the different animal species presents. Airport managers must also understand and learned about the over all population of the species. Control programs for wildlife include an accurate study about the population of animal species living with in the area of the airport premises. In assessing different threats population data and the overall size of the animal species is a major consideration. Accurate determination of population count provides a better view of the direct dangers species brings to the field of aviation. The greater the population of a certain specie, the greater the dangers they pose to the flying industry. By studying the population species, we can also devise ways of controlling their population. Wildlife Services spends millions of dollars in controlling the animal’s population. By killing the predators, such as bears, lions, and coyotes casualties to public damages are lessen (Nijhuis, 1998). Birds are also killed as they are poisoned, shot, gassed and caught in traps. Although call for non-violent measures for controlling the animal’s population is made, the agency continues to apply this method of managing the species’ population. They continue doing such method, by justifying that the actions are selective, and they only kill predators, upon human request, which have causes damage and pose grave threats to human. Whether or not the approach of dealing with the problems the wildlife presents, is appropriate or not will depend in a number of reasoning, which include the animal specie, the harm inflicted to humans, the geographical locations and rules, regulations and law of a particular city (Fisher, 1996). However airport managers can consider immediate actions that can be done to resolve the problems imposed by birds and other animals. A possibility is using scare tactics that would drive the animals away from the site. This approach is commonly performed in dealing with problems related to birds. In order to protect crops, scarecrows are made that frightens and pushes the birds that feed on them away. Scare tactics are more commonly referred to as harassments (Fisher, 1996). By clearing airspace and the air dome, above the airport operations, fewer accidents may happen. However, not all birds respond well to the harassment applications utilized by airport companies. Some bird’s species are difficult to scare. Some takes longer time in order to be driven away while others come back to the site after days of being gone. A study conducted showed that major number of accidents involved geese. This is a result of the geese’s ability to fly in a much higher altitude compared with other birds. To resolve this standing problem, airport managers enlist the help of Border Collies. Border collie is a breed of dog particularly used in assisting with the handling and managing of livestock. With the aid of these dogs, geese are driven away from the airport’s premises and area of operation. Geese respond well to the harassment imposed by Border collie. Another method apply in controlling wildlife is removing an animal from the site that causes the damage by relocating them to different areas. The process of snaring and providing traps are use here. The main purpose is to relocate the animal’s habitat. They are provided with new home that is far from the airport premises. By combining and incorporating the different actions discussed above a method known as Integration Pest Method is made. Since most accidents involving wildlife occurs before take off and during landing, it is important to take note that other species of animals contribute to these incidents. Collision between birds and aircrafts are not the only accident that may arise. Different land animals can also cause serious problems to airport managers. Deer running on runways and feeding on young tree shoots around the airport premises are also major cause of accidents. Damages to properties and facilities are also obtained that further risk the safety of passengers and personnel. To drive land animals away from the airport’s field of operations, managers adopt procedures which include the use of repellants in their properties. By using chemicals as repellants, they are able to drive population of deer away from the airport premises. They also incorporate fencing to ensure that deer would be kept away from runways. From previous studies conducted, fencing is the most reliable method of controlling deer and other land animal’s population. Airport facilities are sometimes provided with high-voltage electric fence. In that way, deer and other animals will avoid contact with the fence and entry with in the airport would be improbable. Animals are then driven away the airport area thus accidents that may arise can be lessen. Another, program that the government applies in controlling deer and animal’s population is the handing out of permits to hunters during hunting season. Permits â€Å"to kill† are given as necessary measure to reduce the deer’s population (Mills, 1992). Although by providing a thorough study about the population of wild animals generates a great advantage in reducing the dangers certain species create, management and control of the specie’s population will not solve the problem alone. Different concepts and ideas must be integrated to provide greater security and protection. An important and immediate action that can be done to resolve wildlife related problems such as animals damaging a resource is to remove the resource away from the animals. However relocating airport facilities is impractical, because of the huge amount of money that will be involved and for other obvious reasons. The locations of the species with respect to construction of airport facilities must be considered. The closer runways and airport facilities to habitat of animal species the greater the danger an aircrafts is exposed to. Before constructions of new facilities are made, a detailed study must first be accomplished. Since facilities are constructed far from the home of geese and different migratory birds, accidents in runways can be prevented. Approach and take off patterns of aircrafts are also important factors that result to collision accidents with birds. Presence of birds on runways, changes a pilot’s approach on flight operations. Pilots have to be extra cautious as presence of birds is distinguished. In order to address this problem, the field of aviation provides a training program that would equip every personnel with the much needed skills. Even with the presence of migrating birds and animals from the wilderness, safety of aircraft flights will rely heavily on the methods and the capability of an airport to provide accurate air traffic and control data. Thus programs, that provide strict training for every personnel are given by airport managers. The primary method of controlling and monitoring immediate air traffic is by observation at the airport tower. By providing adequate training, personnel positioned inside the tower control can give accurate data about presence of birds or other animal species. Air Traffic Control personnel inside the tower control and the pilot manning the plane should be well trained, posses good eyesight and is able to infer and deduced decision in split-second (Spence, 2000). They should thrive on pressure and stress. They should never be rattled and should always have a sound decision at hand. They must always expect the worst case scenario and prepare a contingency plan. It is all because the safety of the pilot and the passengers rely heavily on their shoulders. This is why before a person is hired as controllers or trusted to fly an aircraft he must first pass several tests. He should be familiar with the different devices use in ATC. The training an employee obtained will make him qualified and responsible for controlling and monitoring aircrafts that would land and depart. Furthermore, he can provide clear information with respect to various ground vehicles and land animals found on runways. Nowadays, the lack of qualified personnel in different businesses is evident that affect their competitiveness in the market. Thus, programs that provide adequate training for staffs is one way of controlling accidents related to wildlife. The development in technology also offers the field of aviation equipments and devices that gives major help to the flying industry (Burkhardt, 1967). As new electronic and computer devices are invented, threats and dangers in flying are greatly reduced (Gilbert, 1973). With the advent of new technology control of air traffic is achieved smoothly and with the airport managers adapting the use of these technological devices, damages and risk of accidents from collision of birds and with land animals during take off and landing is lessen. Use of powerful radars has provided huge benefit to air port managers and passengers. Of thee different equipments provided by the advent of technological development, use of radars contribute largely in monitoring wildlife activity inside an airport premises. Radars are primary use to enable controllers to locate the aircrafts, identify them and view their different speed (Gilbert, 1973). With radars at hand controllers are able to gather information for air traffic control. In the field of aviation a little deviation from the actual status of the plane and the information at hand may lead to accidents. Thus, a much powerful device or radar system that would provide larger information is needed and modernization of these equipments will greatly reduce the risks in flying and aviation related problems such as flight delays and lost air crafts. Accidents caused by wild animals can be avoided as more powerful radars are developed. These radars are designed to control vehicles on the ground and monitor ground traffic caused by run away land animals and flocks of birds especially during night wherein poor visibility exists. This modernized radar system that experts are trying to develop is referred as the surface movement radar. Up to this day continuous researches are conducted to develop modern radars which include a detailed quality mapping of different regions, data blocks, target air crafts and security alerts which are far more helpful compare to data displays by older radars which is limited to map of the airport and target. With the different information provided by these radars data about population of animal species, characteristics of the flock or the herds, the map of their environment can then be easily accessed. Thus, with the application of these products caused by influx of technological advancement, damages caused by wild animals to properties are limited. Wildlife has provided men with benefits since the dawn of time. Food, clothes and men’s primary needs are provided by them. Thus, protection of wildlife is a responsibility for everyone. However, we can never deny the fact the dangers they also present upon us. Public health and safety are at always risk as they thrive. Aviation is one field that is largely affected by the damages brought by wild species of animals such as flocks of birds and herds of deer. It is important that wildlife and human interest are met. Thus, in order to protect the welfare of men, programs and different methods of controlling wildlife is observed around airport premises. Methods used are mixtures of traditional techniques, such as enlisting the aid of Border collie to drive away geese, and modern day practice which rely on the development of technology. It is important that in applying these methods in controlling and managing wildlife, men should not take for the granted the importance wildlife brings to us. References Burkhardt, R. (1967). The Federal Aviation Administration.New York: Frederick A. Praeger. Duke, T. (1981). Wildlife Protection. Conservation, 5. Fisher, P. (1996). Humaneness and vertebrate pest control. Victoria: Government of Victoria. Gilbert, G. A. (1973). Gilbert, Glen A. Air Traffic Control: The Uncrowded Sky. Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian Institution Press. Mills, J. (1992). Controlled Hunting is Environmentally Friendly. Conservation, 19. Nijhuis, M. (1998). Predator control gets out of control. High Country News. Spence, C. F. (2000). Aeronautical Information Manual/Federal Aviation Regulations. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Consistent Philosophy of Life Essay

Abstract This paper focuses John Allison’s management style, what he finds to be the essential characteristics of a leader, and how he employs ethics and principles in this everyday life, in business, and as an educational leader. He is the former CEO of BB&T and current leader of the CATO Institute. There is little distinction between Allison’s â€Å"leadership style† and his philosophy. His philosophy can be directly applied to any situation, challenge, or circumstance. Allison is purpose driven and mission oriented, and he applies a set of ten principles to achieve his mission. This paper will also look at how Allison defines a vision, mission, values and principles. Each of the ten principles are examined, and finally, the paper will look at some of the detractors of Allison’s philosophy. John Allison, Consistent Philosophy of Life, Effective Manager of Business, and Important Contributor to Society. John Allison lives by a clear philosophy that permeates every aspect of his life. He built a multi-billion dollar bank (BB&T) on it, and managed to stay away from toxic investments that led to the downfall of many banks because of it. He is now taking this highly moral, completely integrated, and fully comprehensive philosophy to the rest of society by donating time and money to universities by explaining the morality of capitalism and rational thought. Most recently, he was appointed to lead the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think-tank. An effective manager instills purpose in themselves and their employees and lives by a set of values or principles that manifests purpose into reality. The purpose needs to be clear and the principles must be interconnected and consistent. Failure on one principle is failure on all principles; and thus, the vision, mission, and goals of an organization are jeopardized. This concept is consistent with six competencies detailed in Hellriegel, Jacosn, and Slocum’s text book, Managing, A Competency-Based Approach. For example, an organization determines that it must outsource a piece of their production (Strategic Action). Therefore, executive management must effectively work with operations professionals (Teamwork), who must develop and action plan (Planning & Administration) and Communicate that plan to line managers. It is imperative that executive management carefully considered the cultural drivers of the country that they are entering (Multi-Cultural). Finally, whether this strategy is effective hinges upon whether all levels of employees have good Self-Management skills. Failure on any part of these competencies will lead to failure on the whole. Hellreigel’s six competencies pass John Allison’s integration test; however, John’s principles remove the organizational lens of the six competencies to make them more basic and universal. This paper looks at John Allison’s management style and how it is driven by his vision, mission, and principles. Success with these principles will lead to the success of the six competencies. Finally, this paper will spend some time with the detractors and misunderstandings of John’s philosophy. John Allison’s Management Style It is impossible to explain John Allison’s management style without getting into the details of his basic philosophy first. The Richard Craver of the Winston-Salem Journal interviewed Allison in July 2010, and he noted that, â€Å"the key lesson of Allison’s success is that if you get the basics right, the details will follow, and you will run your business right. If you get the basics wrong, you’ll eventually make a fatal mistake in the details† (Craver 2011). Allison’s basics are a purpose driven life and organization that is achieved through principles. This philosophy is detailed in a 30 page employee handbook that all employees are expected to understand and has remained consistent at BB&T for over 20 years. As a result, â€Å"[BB&T] attracts employees who agree, and repels employees who disagree. After a quarter century, they have established a culture of great coherency, and in business, that is a great power† (Craver 2011). From a big ger picture perspective, John Allison’s management style is utilitarian in its approach; however, this implies that BB&T’s goal is to simply be profitable. However, profitability is a means to the overall vision of BB&T, which is to make the world a better place to live in (Allison 2011). Allison explained in a lecture at Wake Forrest University that money is not the end game; instead profits are the means of the overall goal (Allison 2011). The utilitarian methodical approach may be considered amoral, at best; however, it becomes highly moral in the context of a moral vision and purpose. At the individual level, BB&T does not simply manage employees, instead, they develop leaders. Allison explained that â€Å"Most business failures are due to leadership failures; most of those are the result of personal leadership failures† (Allison 2011). Therefore, each employee is not just given a handbook of BB&T’s vision, mission and values, but they also attend a presentation given by Allison himself. In this presentation, Allison explains that there are two fundamental aspects to leadership. First, leaders must create a sense of purpose in themselves and their employees. Purpose creates passion. Second, leaders must live principles that turn purpose into reality (Allison 2011). Living these principles motivates average performers to perform at an above average level and prevents the Great from becoming average. Allison’s Clear philosophy: Allison’s philosophy can be summarized by a general vision that is manifested by a mission statement. The vision is â€Å"To make the world a place that you want to live in† (Allison 2011). The mission is to apply principles that improve the odds of staying alive, becoming successful, and ultimately being happy. The ten principles are further defined herein and are universally applied to individual and organizational missions. Allison’s personal vision and mission parallels BB&T’s vision and mission statement, which is â€Å"To make the world a better place by: Helping our clients achieve economic success and financial security; creating a place where our employees can learn, grow and be fulfilled; making the communities in which we work better places to be; and thereby, optimizing the long-term return to our shareholders, while providing a safe and sound investment† (Handbook 5). With the Vision and Mission clearly defined, Allison’s ten pri nciples are: Principle 1 – Reality The reality principle is an Aristotelian concept that A=A. In an interview with New York Times, Allison said that, â€Å"Wishing something is so does not make it so† (Martin 2009). Although this concept seems very simple, there are plenty of examples in history where individuals, governments and businesses evaded reality. Allison projected that, â€Å"I guarantee that long before the rest of us knew, those geniuses at Lehman Brothers, knew that something was wrong, but they evaded it† (Martin 2009). Reality is independent of authority. For example, the ratings agencies had a level of authority in the market place; however, the ratings agencies evaded the reality that subprime lending was unsustainable. BB&T avoided the subprime market by not evading reality and being responsible for evaluating authority and determining what was true (Allison 2011). Reality is also independent of popularity. For example Galileo bucked the popular idea that the earth revolved around the s un. Principle 2 – Reason / Objectivity Allison contends that mankind’s competitive advantage is that humans have the ability to think and develop concept formation. Allison avoids religion; however, this concept is not in conflict with a Christian’s perspective with some distinction. God created man in the image of God. Therefore, to reason is to approach God and to fulfill His intention for mankind. Allison applies Aristotle’s model of thought. First, base premises on facts; second, use inductive and deductive reasoning; third, integrate conclusions that are not contradictory; and forth, use conclusion to reach a higher level of thought (start the cycle again). Deductive reasoning is the concrete application of a general principle. Inductive reasoning is the taking a general principle and applying it to a specific application. BB&T has been a highly strategic organization, which requires objective thought and facing reality. In the late 1980’s, laws were about to change that would allow banks to enter other states. Realizing that North Carolina would soon be flooded with competition from larger banks, he began a series of intra-state acquisitions prior to the changing of the laws. This allowed them a head start on the out-of-state competition while giving BB&T the experience to perfect the merger process well before the larger consolidation of the industry. Allison recognized the reality, used inductive and deductive reasoning to conclude that they would need to get bigger, be purchased, or struggle as a result of the changes in the law, and then was able to move on with a new premise of how to become bigger. Despite the popular opinion that BB&T was paying too much for some of its acquisitions, the strategy paid off. BB&T defended its role as â€Å"acquirer of choice,† and stressed the strategic nature of its acquisitions. It had developed a reputation as one of the most successful integrators of acquired banks in the industry. â€Å"Darn few have been able to get away with a consolidation strategy, but one of the best is BB&T,† an SNL Securities analyst told the Business Journal Serving Charlotte and the Metropolitan Area (BB&T.com). Allison also uses reason to implement a method of philanthropic activities in order to be more effective based on BB&T’s core strengths. Allison explained in Philanthropic Magazine that, â€Å"The money that was being spent wasn’t going to promote the well-being of our company or our country. We needed to focus our contributions on something that will matter, and we think that presenting the concepts that undergird capitalism is essential for both BB&T’s well-being and the well-being of the society in which we live† (Sparks 2011). Principle 3 – Individual Allison contends that all thought happens at the individual level. â€Å"Our brains are not physically connected† (Allison 2011). Teamwork is important principle, but new ideas are generated by the individual. A team can improve the idea or even give some the inspiration to develop a new idea, but the thought came from one’s mind. This principle also means that the individual is responsible for themself. â€Å"A manager cannot be responsible for their employees,† Allison explained in his lecture. A manager, parent, or leader can only guide people, but the individual must make choices and affix attitudes for herself/himself. Understanding this concept is very liberating not only for the individual employee, but also for the organization. At the employee level, ownership of their own role gives them a sense of importance. At the organizational level, businesses benefit by having limitless ideas that bubble up to management. In Craver’s interview with Allison, he noted that, â€Å"The decision not to write mortgage loans of the type that are now called â€Å"toxic† was made by a fairly low-level executive without even consulting Allison† (Craver 2011). Allison continues the concept of liberating the individual by saying, â€Å"Man has rational capacity, and a capitalist system allows him the greatest individual freedom to exercise that capacity for creativity and innovation—and to be rewarded accordingly. It is, in a very deep sense, a just system† (Sparks 2011). Principle 4 – Productivity Productivity is a measurable at the organizational level though output and profitability. A profitable business is a good thing. More fundamentally, productivity is the â€Å"gut-level commitment to get the job done† (Allison 2011). From a Christian’s perspective, production and productivity is a very spiritual concept; the idea that something tangible was formed from the intangible. This is especially spiritual when the idea was inspired through prayer and worship. There is a parallel between with the most miraculous event in history, when the spirit became flesh, and when someone’s idea becomes reality. The root word for sacrifice is â€Å"to approach† (Wigoder 873); therefore, when a person creates, she is performing a kind of sacrifice; not in the sense that something is given up, but instead, both the tangible world and the spiritual world are in agreement; â€Å"On earth as it is in heaven.† Allison’s professional trajectory certainly is one of productivity. He started at BB&T, once known as the Branch Banking and Trust Company, in 1971 and became chief executive in 1989, when the bank had $4.7 billion in assets. By the time he retired as C.E.O. in December, he had overseen 60 bank and savings-institution acquisitions and turned BB&T into the 11th-largest bank in the nation, with $152 billion in assets, according to the bank (Martin 2009). Allison commented on BB&T’s Sterling Award winners (internal awards based on productivity). He noted that the same people won 25% of these awards, and that they all shared a commonality. All of them discussed what they were doing, and were not stuck on the obstacles. There is a basic belief in their ability to achieve (Allison 2011). Principle 5 – Honesty Without honesty, nothing else works, whether that is capitalism, a church, a business, or a government. Marilyn Fedak is a retired Investment Manager that works with John Allison on making the case for the free market at the university level. In a joint conference with Allison, she refers to the importance of honesty, At its best, the free market produces a â€Å"virtuous cycle,† but it has to be rooted in trust and the rule of law. Trust and predictability are everything. Capitalism is based upon the idea that, implicitly or explicitly, you’re making contracts with people all day long, and if you can’t trust that the laws in place will prevail and that the other person is going to fulfill their side of the bargain, well, then no transactions are going to take place. (Sparks 2011) Allison explains that being honest 100% of the time is a true test of integrity. For example, â€Å"You can be wrong and be honest. We are not omniscient.† Therefore, â€Å"We must mean what we say and know what we mean† (Allison 2011). This phrase encompasses two concepts. One, cumulative white lies lead to a black lie. For example, some managers are less than honest on performance reviews by sugarcoating or enabling underperformance. Then, the manager reaches a breaking point, or the poor performance leads to major mistake. The employee never gets the chance to correct their actions due to their manager not being honest. On the other hand, the manager may be wrong in his/her premise that the employee is the problem. The real problem may be a poorly designed system, which could have been addressed during the performance review. The concept of cumulative white lies is also evident in personal relationships. Allison gives an example of a married couple, â€Å"the husband gets mad at the wife for not hearing what he didn’t say† (Allison 2011). Two, it is up to the individual to take responsibility for their claim to knowledge. â€Å"Sometimes the best answer is, ‘I don’t know’† (Allison 2011). Principle 6 – Integrity Integrity is defined as the consistent application of moral principles. David Leoper is the CEO of Wealthcare Capital Management. He also subscribes to Allison’s objectivist philosophy. Leoper references Ayn Rand’s description of morality as the, â€Å"Judgment to distinguish right and wrong, vision to see the truth, courage to act upon it, dedication to that which is good, and integrity to stand by it at any price† (Geracoiti 2011). By this definition, integrity is akin to faith. One may not immediately understand the consequences of breaking a moral principle, but she or has faith that such actions will have an eventual consequence. A key example of Allison’s integrity was after the Supreme Court’s infamous Kelo decision. BB&T was the only major bank not to provide financing for projects that used land seized through eminent domain for private purposes. â€Å"We thought that was a violation of a principle that is necessary for a free society,† Allison says. The bank’s decision, â€Å"turned out to be great economics, which doesn’t surprise me at all† (Sparks 2011). Later in 2011, Don Luskin moderated a conference with John Mackey of Wholefoods and John Allison. Mackey was highly criticized for his public stance against Obamacare and was nearly thrown out of his own organization. Mackey’s conclusion was that he will think again before making political comments. Allison, however, disagreed and explained, I’m a person that believes very strongly in my principles, and I can’t sacrifice them in my business, regardless of the consequences in the short-term. We took a strong position on eminent domain, after the Kelo decision. I couldn’t tell my customers and employees that we have principles, but in this case we’d turn a blind eye to people’s property being expropriated to be given to other private people. In our case, it was successful. We got thousands of people moving their accounts to BB&T because of our position on eminent domain, because we acted on principle. That’s the same reason we refused to write loans to people who couldn’t afford them. I did it because I never want to have to tell someone that I did something that I thought was morally wrong. (Vegter 2011) Allison took a visible stance against the federal government once again in 2008 when he submitted a 14-point letter to Congress in which he objected to the bailout of the financial-services industry out of concern that it will hurt, â€Å"well-run financial institutions such as BB&T (Craver 2011). His integrity was questioned when BB&T accepted TARP monies shortly after the closed-door session with the nation’s political leaders. Shortly thereafter, Allison stepped down as the CEO so that he could start his education campaign. His work at the university level and at the CATO Institute is an effort to stop governmental force being exerted against independent businesses again. Principle 7 – Justice / Fairness According to Allison, â€Å"The good news is that we are all unique individuals† (Allison 2011). Managers that make the average above average and to keep the great from becoming average instill justice in the workplace. Allison believes that, â€Å"Egalitarianism is one of the most destructive ideas in our society† (Allison 2011). Managing equal outcomes not unequal input is truly unjust. Since individuals are not the same in their talents and abilities, a manager’s key function is to evaluate and judge others. This is a difficult function; therefore, Allison prescribes a three point method for judging others in order to stay fair. The person needs to be judged (1) as an individual, based on (2) the personal merits and based on (3) what matters in that specific circumstance. Therefore, â€Å"We reject collectivism and how they judge, which is based on their memberships groups, such as race, sex, nationalism, etc. [Collectivists] are always wrong because they are making an individual decision based on a group observation. An Individual cannot be a group† (Allison 2011). Principle 8 – Pride Aristotle described pride as the ultimate virtue because in order to have pride, all other virtues (justice, honesty, integrity, and rational independent thought) needed to be mastered. The pride described here is not arrogance or hubris, but instead, it is the reward to do good deeds and the reward for having done good deeds. Allison describes this as the â€Å"psychological rewards;† However, the rewards for Christianity are much more profound. The apostle Paul speaks of a healthy pride that one should have in oneself and others (2 Cor 5:12; 7:4; 8:24; Gal 6:4). Christianthinktank.com quoted the Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament that â€Å"Even Lexicons based on semantic domains have entries for ‘pride (legitimate)† (Chistianthinktank.com 2012). Allison equates pride with strong ethics. In a defiance allusion to Warren Buffet’s quote about ethics, Allison says, â€Å"The next time you face an ethical decision, ask yourself if you would be willing to tell the people that you love, care about, and judge to be of high-esteem the decision you made, not the newspaper.† Principle 9 – Self-Esteem / Self-Motivation Allison believes that this principle is the foundation of happiness. In his lecture, he states that, â€Å"You must believe at a very deep level that you are capable of being good and that you have the moral right to be happy.† He explained that this is, â€Å"The most important and controversial thought that I have to share with you today† (Allison 2011). On several occasions, Allison has made reference to the â€Å"sandbox example.† It is a story about a boy named Johnny that is playing with his toy truck in the sandbox. Fred then comes and takes Johnny’s toy truck because he wants to play with it. A fight then ensues, and Johnny’s mother comes over and says, â€Å"Johnny, be a good boy and share with Fred.† Allison asks, â€Å"What message does that give to Fred? More importantly, what message does that give to Johnny?† (Allison 2011). The heart of self-esteem is that a person can only control his or herself, not others. Therefore, the individual can only be in charge of their attitudes and their work; and thus, must be focused on them. Egalitarians are focused on others, and as a result, are adverse to others for being great. This is envy, which is the ultimate immoral pastime. Allison explains that, â€Å"you may be able to fool your boss, but you will never fool you. Do your best, and self-esteem increases. Do less than your best and self-esteem decreases† (Allison 2011). The trader principle fits with any of the other ten principles, but it particularly fits with self-esteem and self-motivation. The trader principle simply means that because people are self-interested, only win-win relationships are sustainable over the long term. All other relationships are either a lose-lose or eventually a lose-lose. Free-market capitalism is a highly moral system because it incentivizes good behavior and provides for a system for people to interact with others in search for win-win relationships. Allison explains this concept as the new leader of the CATO Institute: One of the things that I really want to do is make this a moral fight instead of a fight around the technical aspects of economics. The libertarian vision is a moral vision and we own the moral high ground. A free society is the only society in which people can think for themselves and pursue their rational self-interest. Freedom creates the ability, through creativity and incentive, to raise the quality of life for everyone. When I was CEO of BB&T we saw the opportunity, on many occasions, to create products and services that would improve the quality of life of our clients but some government regulation prevented us from doing it. Unfortunately most business leaders are not really capitalists. They are crony capitalists looking for some way to use the government to give them a special advantage. Cato is a defender of real capitalism, real free markets (Benko 2012). Principle 10 – Teamwork In a philosophy that is built on the individual and self-motivation, teamwork may be overlooked as a key principle. However, teamwork is essential in an organization and a society. Teamwork allows much more to be produced. Craver noted in his interview with Allison that, â€Å"What makes Allison unusual among leaders is that his philosophy is one of realism — not phony idealism. It’s all about excellent individuals making personal contributions to a joint effort — for the purpose of making profits, not saving the whales. Allison candidly says, in effect, a team is made up of people, each of whom is an ‘I’. We insist that you be an individual, and that if you want to be on the team, you have to voluntarily buy into the mission we have all chosen to share (Craver 2011). Detractors of Objectivism Forbes dubbed John Allison as the â€Å"Philosopher King;† however his philosophy is not easily accepted by many. The first and most relevant critique is that God is absent from this philosophy. This paper has included some allusions to how objectivist principles can mesh with Christian ideals; however, the architects of this philosophy, namely Ayn Rand, were atheists. The incongruities of this philosophy and Christianity largely lie in the concept of natural order (mother-nature) and the belief in God that is not visible (faith). As explained above, Christians cross this intellectual divide by substituting â€Å"natural order† or â€Å"mother nature† with God. There are also some differences in the idea of selfishness and self-sacrifice. More research is needed to find intellectual bridges; however, some of these conflicts are semantic in nature. Nonetheless, there is a logical case for God, and Christians knows that God reveals rational thought, purpose, creati vity, motivation, and reason through prayer. There is some confusion between being selfishness and self-destructive. Detractors of objectivism and capitalism contend this it is a â€Å"dog-eat-dog† system that takes advantage of others. Allison argues that taking advantage of others is truly self-destructive, not selfish. If a business takes advantage of a customer, then the customer will alert the market-place; and thus, the business will be harmed. Businesses take advantage of others through the political process, but that is not capitalism, and as Allison said, is not congruent with his philosophy. Finally, detractors find Allison’s philosophy lacks emotion. Allison disagrees and says that emotions can be a good thing. â€Å"Passion is an emotion, and you need passion in life† (Allison 2011). Allison believes that emotions are learned, not magical. This certainly seems to be true with some emotions, such as phobias; however, to the Christian, emotions can be divine inspiration. Allison warns leaders to check their premises when their emotions are at odds with reason. He further advises to always go with reason over emotion. Christians would disagree, at least in part. A Christian may always go with reason over emotion, but only after prayer and meditation and when reason and emotion are in-line. Certainly, a Christian should go to God in prayer to check their premises and motives. Life becomes easier to live, organizations are easier to lead, and employees are easier to manage if one has a clear philosophy and set of principles. With this in mind, BB&T’s senior management style is written in its literature as being as â€Å"participatory, team oriented, fact-based, and rational† (BB&T History 111). They define management concepts as, â€Å"obtaining and retaining excellent people, training employees well, give employees the appropriate level of authority and responsibility, expect a high level of achievement, and reward performance accordingly† (BB&T History 112). All of these definitions and concepts line-up with Allison’s core philosophy. BB&T’s website explained that, â€Å"Allison’s management style stressed decentralization, striving for a community banking feel at the branch level† (BB&T.com). The individual, self-esteem, productivity, and teamwork principles are the driving principles for this decision. Moral Clarity leads to better decision making, longevity, success, and happiness. This is good for all the stakeholders involved in the organization. This paper will conclude with scripture that encapsulates the role between managers and employees and consistent with most of Allison’s principles. Ephesians 6:5-9 says: Ephesians 6:5-9 Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not people, because you know that the Lord will reward each one for whatever good they do, whether they are slave or free. And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him. References Allison, John (7/21/11), â€Å"Principled Leadership† Lecture at Wake Forest University Schools of Business. http://vimeo.com/27183721 BB&T (1998), â€Å"The BB&T Philosophy† Mission and Values guidebook. BB&T (2012), Our Account, History of BB&T 10th edition 2012. Benko, Ralph (7/2/12), â€Å"Who Is John†¦Allison? A Randian, Libertarian Business Icon Takes Over the Cato Instituteâ€Å" http://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphbenko/2012/07/02/who-is-john-allison-a-randian-libertarian-business-icon-takes-over-the-cato-institute Craver, Richard (7/10/11), â€Å"My Interview on John Allison – Today’s John Galt,† Winston-Salem Journal http://www.iamjohngalt.com/2011/07/my-interview-on-john-allison-todays.html Geracioti, David (Apr. 12, 2011), â€Å"Cold Call: Wealth Manager Operates Firm on Rand’s Objectivism† Wealthmanagement.com, http://wealthmanagement.com/institutions/cold-call-wealth-manager-operates-firm-rand-s-objectivism Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament : Based on semantic domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition.) (Vol. 1, Page 310). New York: United Bible societies.] Hellriegel, D, S. E. Jackson and J. W. Slocum, Jr. Management: a Competency-Based Approach. (2008). Cincinnati: Cengage. ISBN 0 32 4421400 Martin, Andrew (8/1/09), â€Å"Give BB&T Liberty, but Not a Bailout,† New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/02/business/02bbt.html?_r=0 Perman, Matt (4/29/30), â€Å"A Christian View of Management in Ephesians 6:5-9.† What’s Best Next http://www.whatsbestnext.com/2011/04/a-christian-view-of-management-in-ephesians-65-9/ Sparks, Evan (2011), â€Å"Intellectual Capital†, Philanthropy Magazine, http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/excellence_in_philanthropy/intellectual_capital The Holy Bible. NIV forwards Charles F. Stanley and Andy Stanley Side by side bible NIV & KJV. 2011 Biblica, Inc. Wigoder, Geoffrey; Paul, Shalom M.; Viviano, O.P., Benedict T. & Stern, Ephraim (1986) Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible. G.G. The Jerusalem Publisying House ltd. Zigarelli, Michael (2003), â€Å"The Priorities and Practices of Christian Leaders,† Regent Business Review, http://www.cbn.com/finance/rbrchristianleaders.aspx